I have a doubt about this sentence:
Othering is a binary process between the colonizer and colonized by which the former is able to affirm his own identity, but the last is considered as the other
I’m confused about the use of “by which”. Is it correct? If there are any errors in the sentence please tell me.
“A process by which” describes the effect of the process. “A process in which” describes what happens in the process.
For example:
Steeping is a process by which tea is made.
In other words:
Tea is made by the process of steeping.
On the other hand:
Steeping is a process in which water absorbs flavor from tea leaves.
Means:
In the process of steeping, water absorbs flavor from tea leaves.
There is often some overlap between these uses, i.e. there are cases in which either is grammatically correct. This is because what happens in a process and what the process does are not clearly distinct. The choice of one or the other can change the connotation of the sentence.